Kangaroos have long competed with pastoral production systems on the rangelands. They move onto spelled paddocks and it is therefore essential to manage them to control total grazing pressure. By cooperating across property boundaries, landholders should be able to undertake more sustainable land management, convert a liability into an asset by earning income from kangaroo products, and carbon and biodiversity credits. Doing so would follow overseas precedents of devolved responsibility and proprietorship of wildlife. It would improve welfare outcomes. See